Welcome to Cusco, the enchanting gateway to the heart of Peru! As the former capital of the Inca Empire, this vibrant city beautifully blends history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes. If you’re planning your first trip to this captivating destination, you’re in for a treat. From exploring the cobbled streets lined with colonial architecture to savoring delicious local cuisine, Cusco offers an array of experiences that will ignite your senses.
In this ultimate travel guide, we’ll equip you with essential tips and insights to navigate everything from acclimatizing to the high altitude to uncovering hidden gems off the beaten path. Whether you’re yearning to visit the iconic Sacsayhuamán, immerse yourself in the local customs, or hop on a bus to the renowned Machu Picchu, we’ve got you covered. Get ready to embark on an unforgettable adventure and discover the treasures that await in Cusco!
Meaning of Cusco
The city of Cusco was called Qosqo, Qusqu in Quechua. The tradition suggests that it means center, belly, or belt, because, according to Inca mythology, the world converged below (Uku Pacha), with the visible world (Kay Pacha) and the upper world (Hanan Pacha). Thus, the city was called the world’s navel, a term that refers to the center of the universe. However, no modern Quechua language is associated with the above meaning.
Upon the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors, the name entered Castilian as Cuzco or Cusco. Both terms have been used interchangeably since.
Since 1993, the official name has been Cusco; therefore, the current official Peruvian cartography appears as such, although it is commonly used differently in other Spanish-speaking countries.
Article 49 of the 1993 Constitution of Peru designates Cusco as the country’s historical capital.
The Municipal Council of Cusco (since June 23, 1990) approved Municipal Agreement n° 078. The decision was made to adopt the Qosqo name, replacing the word Cusco in all documents of the Municipal Government of Cusco.
The terrain in Cusco is steep, combining fertile inter-Andean valleys with impressive mountains like Salkantay, Ausangate, and Veronica. These mountains descend to the rim of the jungle, where the temperature rises, and the landscape transforms into a diverse array of vegetation.
UNESCO placed Cusco, the ancient capital of the Incan Empire, on the World Cultural Heritage List in 1983. Cusco is an essential destination in Peru and South America. Incan sites are waiting for you to discover among their cobble-stoned Inca streets, like the Qoricancha and the Palace of Inca Roca, and Andean Baroque structures from the Colonial Period, like the Cathedral and the Church of the Company of Christ. Additionally, you can visit the picturesque neighborhood of San Blas, where the best artisans in the department have established their workshops. This magical city also boasts an exciting nightlife, featuring cafes, restaurants, and bars catering to all tastes. Just 5 minutes by car from the city, you can find the massive walls of the Sacsaywaman temple. A few kilometers from there, you can see the archaeological sites of Qenqo, Puca Pucara, and Tambomachay, all of which are constructed entirely of stone.
Pisac, Maras, Chinchero, and Ollantaytambo are also spread throughout the Sacred Valley of the Incas, about 1.5 hours from Cusco. From there, you can catch the train to Machu Picchu Park. Another way to reach the citadel is to follow one of the Traditional Inca Trail Treks, a spectacular network of pathways that snake through the snow-covered mountains, rivers, and the overwhelming countryside. Hiking is one of the best trekking routes in the world because it features scattered archaeological sites and areas rich in unique plant and animal species.
Machu Picchu is the most important and beautiful legacy of the ancient Inca culture. It is part of the Historic Sanctuary of the same name, which is also one of the few places in the Americas listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. It is located high on a mountain and complements the exuberant surroundings, creating a one-of-a-kind place in the world.
Cusco Language(s):
Climate: In the highlands, there are only two seasons:
Facilities:
Banks: Many banks on the main street (Av. Del Sol) have ATMs from which you can withdraw cash with Visa or MasterCard. Many hotels, agencies, and restaurants accept Visa, Mastercard, or American Express.
Money Exchange: The current exchange rate for an American dollar is S/. 2.56 (Soles) You can change your money into soles in many places.
Please note that dollars need to be in perfect condition to be accepted.
You can also change Euros or English pounds, although the rates are not very good. Therefore, changing your money into dollars before coming to Peru is worth it.
Hotels: Cusco accommodation suits every purse, from budget Hostels to five-star hotels. In peak season, we recommend booking ahead (we can suggest Hotels according to your requirements and make the necessary reservations).
Peruvian Food: Plenty of local and tourist Restaurants offer a wide variety of Andean cuisine, from the delicious grilled guinea pig (a local delicacy—cuy). Ceviche (raw fish marinated in lemon), chicken grilled in a firewood oven, and chips (a popular Peruvian fast food) are available at restaurants, as are pizza and pasta.
Popular drinks:
Shopping: Many hand-made textiles can be found here, with popular buys including alpaca, llama, and high-quality vicuna wool. There are also beautiful ceramic pieces and gold and silver jewelry available for sale.
Craft Markets:
Choosing the right time to visit Cusco can significantly enhance your travel experience. The city’s climate is divided into two seasons: the dry and rainy seasons. The dry season, which spans from May to September, is considered the best time to visit. During these months, you can expect clear blue skies, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking and exploring archaeological sites. However, this is also the peak tourist season, so be prepared for larger crowds and higher prices.
On the other hand, the rainy season runs from November to March. While the rain can be heavy at times, it usually comes in short bursts and is followed by sunshine. The landscape during this period is lush and green, offering a different kind of beauty. Additionally, fewer tourists mean a more serene experience. However, some trails and sites may be less accessible due to the weather conditions.
If you’re looking to strike a balance between weather and crowd sizes, consider visiting during the shoulder months of April and October. These months offer milder weather and fewer tourists, providing a more comfortable and enjoyable visit. Regardless of when you choose to go, Cusco’s charm and allure remain constant throughout the year.
Reaching Cusco is an adventure in itself. Most international travelers will first land in Lima, Peru’s capital, before traveling to Cusco. From Lima, you have a few options. The quickest and most convenient way is to take a domestic flight. Several airlines operate daily flights between Lima and Cusco, with a flight time of just over an hour. This option lets you make the most of your time exploring Cusco and its surroundings.
For those with a sense of adventure and a bit more time, consider taking a bus. The bus journey from Lima to Cusco is long, typically taking around 21-24 hours, but it offers a unique opportunity to see more of Peru’s diverse landscapes. Several reputable bus companies provide comfortable services with reclining seats, meals, and even Wi-Fi. Some of the popular companies include Cruz del Sur and Oltursa. This option is also more budget-friendly compared to flying.
Another alternative is to travel by train, though it is less common due to the time and cost. The train journey is an epic experience, offering stunning views of the Andes and the Peruvian countryside. However, it requires planning and possibly connecting with a bus or another train service. Regardless of your chosen mode of transportation, the journey to Cusco is part of the adventure, setting the stage for the wonders that await.
By air: Daily flights to Cusco from Lima (1 hour) and Arequipa (30 minutes)
By train: Regular service from Puno: 384 km / 239 miles (10 hours)
Distances from Cusco to the Cusqueñian Provinces:
Cusco offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference. Whether you’re looking for luxury hotels, charming boutique stays, or budget-friendly hostels, there’s something for everyone. The historic center, particularly around the Plaza de Armas, is a popular area for tourists due to its proximity to major attractions, restaurants, and shops. Here, you’ll find a mix of high-end hotels and cozy guesthouses, many housed in beautifully restored colonial buildings.
For a more tranquil experience, consider staying in the San Blas neighborhood. Known as the artisan quarter, San Blas is situated slightly uphill from the main square and offers a bohemian vibe, complete with narrow streets, art galleries, and quaint cafes. Accommodations here range from boutique hotels to charming bed-and-breakfasts, offering a peaceful retreat with stunning views of the city.
If you’re traveling on a budget, there are plenty of hostels and budget hotels scattered throughout Cusco. Many of these offer private rooms in addition to dormitory-style accommodations, making them a good choice for both solo travelers and groups. Look for hostels that offer amenities such as complimentary breakfast, Wi-Fi, and organized tours to make your stay more comfortable and enjoyable.
Cusco is a treasure trove of historical and cultural sites, each telling a story of its rich past. One of the must-see attractions is the Plaza de Armas, Cusco’s main square. Colonial buildings, including the impressive Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus, surround this vibrant hub. The square is a great place to start your exploration, offering a glimpse into the city’s colonial history and a lively atmosphere with street performers and local vendors.
Another unmissable site is Sacsayhuamán, an ancient Inca fortress located on the outskirts of Cusco. The massive stone walls of Sacsayhuamán are a testament to the Incas’ engineering prowess. Visiting this site not only provides insight into Inca architecture but also offers panoramic views of Cusco and the surrounding valley. The site is often included in guided tours, but it’s also accessible by a short hike or taxi ride from the city center.
Don’t miss a visit to the Qorikancha, also known as the Temple of the Sun. This was the most important temple in the Inca Empire, dedicated to Inti, the Sun God. The Spanish built the Church of Santo Domingo on its foundations, and the blend of Incan and colonial architecture is fascinating. Inside, you’ll find exhibits on Incan history and culture, as well as original Incan stonework. These attractions, among many others, make Cusco a city where history comes alive at every turn.
Understanding and respecting local customs and etiquette can significantly enhance your experience in Cusco. Peruvians are generally warm and welcoming, and showing appreciation for their culture goes a long way. One of the most critical aspects of Peruvian etiquette is greeting people with a friendly “Buenos días” (Good morning) or “Buenas tardes” (Good afternoon). When meeting someone for the first time, a handshake is generally considered appropriate, while a light kiss on the cheek is more common among friends and acquaintances.
When visiting religious sites and local communities, it’s essential to dress modestly and respectfully. This means avoiding revealing clothing and opting for attire that covers your shoulders and knees. Photography is usually permitted, but always ask for permission before taking pictures of people, especially in rural areas where locals may be more reserved.
Another key aspect of local etiquette is bargaining. In markets and with street vendors, haggling is expected, but it should be done politely and with a sense of humor. Start by offering a lower price than what’s asked, and negotiate until you reach a mutually agreeable amount. Remember that while it’s fine to seek a good deal, it’s also important to be fair and consider the value of the craftsmanship and the seller’s livelihood.
Acclimatizing to the high altitude is one of the first challenges many travelers face when arriving in Cusco. The city is situated at an elevation of approximately 3,400 meters (11,200 feet), which can lead to altitude sickness. Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, and shortness of breath. To mitigate these effects, take it easy during your first few days, stay hydrated, and avoid heavy meals and alcohol. Coca tea, a traditional remedy, can also help alleviate symptoms.
Safety is another critical consideration. Cusco is generally safe for tourists, but it’s wise to take usual precautions. Keep an eye on your belongings, especially in crowded areas, and avoid walking alone late at night in unfamiliar neighborhoods. Use reputable taxi services or rideshare apps for transportation after dark. Additionally, it’s a good idea to carry a copy of your passport and travel insurance information at all times.
Finally, make sure to plan, especially if you intend to visit Machu Picchu. Tickets to the famed archaeological site are limited and can sell out months in advance, particularly during the peak season. Book your tickets and any necessary transportation or tours well in advance to avoid disappointment. With these tips in mind, you’ll be well-prepared to enjoy all that Cusco has to offer.
No trip to Cusco is complete without exploring the Sacred Valley and the iconic Machu Picchu. The Sacred Valley, also known as the Urubamba Valley, is a fertile region dotted with picturesque villages, ancient ruins, and terraced fields. It’s a great place to immerse yourself in the area’s natural beauty and cultural heritage. Popular stops include the town of Pisac, known for its vibrant market and impressive Inca ruins, and Ollantaytambo, a charming village with a well-preserved archaeological site.
Machu Picchu, the crown jewel of Inca civilization, is a must-visit for any traveler to Peru. The journey to Machu Picchu is part of the adventure, with several options available. The most popular route is by train from Cusco or Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, the town at the base of Machu Picchu. From there, it’s a short bus ride or a challenging hike up to the site. For the more adventurous, the Inca Trail offers a multi-day trek through stunning landscapes, culminating in a sunrise arrival at Machu Picchu.
Once you arrive at Machu Picchu, take your time to explore the ancient citadel. Highlights include the Temple of the Sun, the Intihuatana stone, and the terraces that cascade down the mountainside. If you have the energy, consider hiking up Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain for breathtaking views of the site and the surrounding valleys. To fully appreciate the history and significance of Machu Picchu, consider hiring a guide who can provide detailed insights and answer any questions you may have.
Cusco’s culinary scene is a delightful fusion of traditional Andean ingredients and modern culinary techniques. One of the must-try dishes is ceviche, a refreshing and tangy dish made with fresh fish marinated in citrus juices, onions, and cilantro. While ceviche is more commonly associated with the coastal regions of Peru, you’ll find delicious variations in Cusco as well. Another local favorite is lomo saltado, a flavorful stir-fry of beef, onions, tomatoes, and potatoes, often served with rice.
For a taste of traditional Andean cuisine, try alpaca meat, which is lean, tender, and mild-flavored. It’s often served grilled or in stews. Another unique dish is cuy, or guinea pig, which has been a staple in the Andean diet for centuries. While the idea of eating guinea pig may be off-putting to some, it’s considered a delicacy and worth trying for adventurous eaters.
Don’t forget to sample the local beverages. Chicha morada, a sweet and refreshing drink made from purple corn, is a popular non-alcoholic option. For something more substantial, try pisco sour, Peru’s national cocktail made with pisco (a type of brandy), lime juice, simple syrup, egg white, and bitters. Enjoying the local cuisine is an essential part of the Cusco experience, offering insights into the region’s culture and traditions.
Cusco is a city that captivates the hearts and souls of every traveler who sets foot on its storied streets. From its rich history as the capital of the Inca Empire to its vibrant present as a hub of culture and adventure, Cusco offers something for everyone. By following the tips and insights in this guide, you’ll be well-prepared to make the most of your visit and create lasting memories.
Take the time to immerse yourself in the local culture, whether it’s through exploring ancient ruins, sampling traditional cuisine, or simply wandering the charming streets of the historic center. Be mindful of the altitude and take it easy in the first few days as your body acclimatizes. Respect local customs and traditions, and engage with the friendly locals who are eager to share their heritage with you.
As you explore the wonders of the Sacred Valley and the awe-inspiring Machu Picchu, remember that the journey is just as important as the destination. Savor each moment, from the bustling markets of Pisac to the serene beauty of the Andes. Cusco is a place where history, culture, and nature converge, offering an unparalleled travel experience that will stay with you long after you’ve returned home. Enjoy every step of your adventure in the heart of Peru!
