The Sacred Valley in Peru is a treasure trove of natural beauty and cultural richness. Nestled in the Andean highlands, this stunning region offers breathtaking landscapes and a glimpse into the ancient Incan civilization. Whether you’re drawn by the allure of mountain peaks or the serene flow of rivers, the Sacred Valley has something for every traveler. This travel guide will explore some of the most captivating sights, ensuring you experience the best of this magical place.
The Sacred Valley, or “El Valle Sagrado,” is a region in Peru’s Andean Highlands. It was once the heart of the Incan Empire and is dotted with archaeological sites, traditional villages, and vibrant markets. For those seeking to immerse themselves in the Sacred Valley’s natural scenery, there are countless viewpoints and landscapes to explore.
THE SACRED VALLEY, or Vilcamayo to the Incas, some 30 km northwest of Cusco, traces its sinuous and staggeringly beautiful course towards Urubamba, Ollantaytambo, and finally Machu Picchu, the most famous ruins in South America. And a place that never fails to impress, no matter how tired you are or how commercial it seems.
The steep river valley opens into a narrow but fertile alluvial plain, which the Incas heavily farmed. Several microclimates within 30 km of the valley allow for specializations in different fruits, corn, and local plants. The river begins in the high Andes south of Cusco as the Vilcanota River, flowing into the Sacred Valley; downstream, it is known as the Urubamba River, a magnificent and energetic torrent that empties directly into the jungle, merging with other vital headwaters of the Amazon.
Standing guard over the two ends of the Sacred Valley, the ancient Inca citadels of Pisac and Ollantaytambo rise above the impressive Vilcanota-Urubamba River and are among the most evocative ruins in Peru.
Pisac Colonial Town is a pretty little town with one of Peru’s best artisan markets. It is just 32 km northeast of Cusco, near the end of the wild run of the Vilcanota River from Urcos. Further downstream are the ancient towns of Calca, Yucay, and Urubamba, which have the most visitor facilities.
Like Pisac, it is developing a reputation as a meditation and spiritual center, while retaining its traditional Andean charm. As you move through the valley, the weather worsens, and you see pears, peaches, and cherries growing in abundance. In July and August, large piles of corn lie by the roadside, waiting to be used as cattle feed.
At the northern end of the Sacred Valley, even the magnificent old town of Ollantaytambo is overwhelmed by the excellent temple fortress that clings to the sheer cliffs at its side. Although very touristy, the small town is a charming place to spend time, with a good variety of restaurants, and is conveniently located in the heart of excellent hiking country. It is an ideal base to pitch a tent and trek along one of the minor tributaries of the Urubamba or to tackle one of the Salcantay trails.
Beyond Ollantaytambo, the route becomes too winding for any trail to follow. The valley closes around the train tracks, and the Urubamba River begins to rush and twist beneath Machu Picchu.
The Sacred Valley’s historical significance is deeply rooted in its past as a vital center for the Incan civilization. The valley served as a central agricultural hub, supplying food to the mighty Incan Empire. Today, visitors can explore the remnants of ancient agricultural terraces and irrigation systems that showcase the Incas’ ingenuity. These historical artifacts provide a fascinating insight into the advanced engineering and farming techniques of the time.
The Sacred Valley is surrounded by the majestic Andes mountains, offering some of the most spectacular mountain scenery. The towering peaks provide a dramatic backdrop to the valley below, creating a picturesque setting that’s perfect for nature lovers and photographers alike. Hiking trails abound, allowing you to get up close to the rugged beauty of this mountainous region. The mountains are not only a visual delight but also a spiritual experience, as many travelers find a sense of peace and connection with nature amidst these ancient landscapes.
The Sacred Valley is home to numerous traditional villages where visitors can experience the local culture firsthand. Villages such as Pisac, Chinchero, and Ollantaytambo offer a glimpse into the daily lives of the Andean people. Visitors can participate in traditional ceremonies, learn about ancient weaving techniques, and even try their hand at crafting local pottery. These cultural experiences provide a deeper understanding of the rich traditions and customs passed down through generations.
Sites To Visit in The Sacred Valley
With its diverse landscapes, the Sacred Valley boasts numerous viewpoints that offer panoramic views of the surrounding areas. Here are some must-visit spots to soak in the breathtaking vistas:
Located near the town of Pisac, Mirador de Taray is one of the most popular viewpoints in the Sacred Valley. From here, you can enjoy sweeping views of the valley floor, the Urubamba River, and the distant Andes. It’s a perfect spot to watch the sunrise or sunset, as the changing light paints the landscape in vibrant hues. The viewpoint is easily accessible and offers a peaceful place for contemplation and photography, making it a favorite among visitors.
The town of Chinchero is not only known for its rich cultural heritage but also for its stunning views. Perched at an altitude of 3,762 meters (12,343 feet), Chinchero offers a unique perspective of the Sacred Valley. The terraced fields and traditional Andean architecture add to the charm, making it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the valley. The vibrant local market in Chinchero is a bustling hub of activity, where visitors can purchase handmade textiles and other traditional crafts.
Abra Malaga is a high mountain pass that provides breathtaking views of the surrounding peaks and valleys. It’s a popular spot for travelers heading to Machu Picchu, offering a perfect opportunity to appreciate the vastness and beauty of the Andean landscape. The pass is also a gateway to various hiking trails that lead through lush cloud forests and alpine tundra. Adventurous travelers can explore the diverse ecosystems and encounter unique wildlife, adding an element of excitement to their journey.
Puca Pucara, meaning “Red Fortress,” offers panoramic views of the surrounding valley and mountains. The fortress, with its reddish hue, is an impressive example of Incan military architecture. While exploring the ruins, visitors can enjoy stunning vistas of the Sacred Valley, making it a perfect spot for history enthusiasts and photographers alike. The site is also a great place to reflect on the strategic importance of the location and its role in the Incan defense system.
Intipunku, or the “Sun Gate,” is a viewpoint that holds immense significance for those embarking on the Inca Trail. As the final checkpoint before reaching Machu Picchu, Intipunku offers breathtaking views of the sacred site and the surrounding landscapes. The sunrise at Intipunku is a magical experience, as the first rays of the sun illuminate the ancient ruins, creating a scene that feels both timeless and sacred.
The Sacred Valley is crisscrossed by rivers that contribute to its lush, green landscapes. The Urubamba River, also known as the Vilcanota River, is the lifeblood of the valley. Its winding course creates a series of picturesque river landscapes that are perfect for exploration.
Flowing through the heart of the Sacred Valley, the Urubamba River offers numerous opportunities for adventure and relaxation. Whether you’re interested in rafting, kayaking, or simply enjoying a leisurely stroll along its banks, the river provides a scenic backdrop for all your activities. The river’s gentle flow and surrounding greenery make it a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of everyday life. Additionally, the river is home to diverse flora and fauna, offering nature enthusiasts a chance to observe wildlife in its natural habitat.
The town of Ollantaytambo is situated at the confluence of the Patakancha and Urubamba Rivers. Known for its well-preserved Incan architecture and ancient ruins, Ollantaytambo is a must-visit destination in the Sacred Valley. The town’s strategic location provides stunning views of the surrounding river landscapes, with the majestic Andes serving as a backdrop. Visitors can explore the impressive ruins, wander through the charming cobblestone streets, and immerse themselves in the town’s rich history and culture.
The Pisac River, a tributary of the Urubamba, meanders through the picturesque town of Pisac, adding to its natural beauty. The river’s gentle flow and lush surroundings create a serene atmosphere that invites visitors to relax and unwind. Along its banks, you can find spots perfect for picnicking or simply enjoying the tranquility of nature. The river also supports local agriculture, with terraced fields lining its course, showcasing the harmonious relationship between the land and its people.
The Yucay River is another important waterway in the Sacred Valley, known for its crystal-clear waters and lush riverbanks. The river is ideal for those seeking a peaceful escape, offering opportunities for fishing, birdwatching, and nature walks. The surrounding landscapes are dotted with traditional farms and orchards, providing a glimpse into the rural life of the Andean communities. The Yucay River is a hidden gem, perfect for those looking to explore off-the-beaten-path destinations.
The Huayllabamba River is a lesser-known gem in the Sacred Valley, offering a tranquil setting for exploration. The river’s pristine waters and lush vegetation create a haven for wildlife, making it a great spot for birdwatching and nature photography. The riverbanks are dotted with traditional villages, where visitors can experience the local way of life and enjoy authentic Andean hospitality. The Huayllabamba River is a perfect destination for those seeking a peaceful retreat amidst nature’s beauty.
While the natural beauty of the Sacred Valley is undeniable, the region’s cultural heritage is equally captivating. The valley is home to numerous archaeological sites, traditional villages, and vibrant markets that offer a glimpse into the rich history and traditions of the Incan civilization.
Pisac is one of the most significant archaeological sites in the Sacred Valley. The park features impressive terraces, temples, and tombs that date back to the Incan era. As you explore the site, you’ll be treated to panoramic views of the surrounding valley and mountains. The nearby town of Pisac is also famous for its bustling market, where you can find traditional handicrafts and souvenirs. Visitors can immerse themselves in the vibrant atmosphere, interact with local artisans, and purchase unique handmade items that reflect the region’s rich cultural heritage.
Once, a vital Inca Trail snaked through the canyon, entering the Sacred Valley at PISAC. The ruined citadel, located at the entrance to the ravine, controlled a strategic route that connected the Inca Empire with Paucartambo on the edge of the eastern jungle—less than an hour from Cusco by bus.
The city is now most visited for its market, apart from a look at the citadel. However, it has also attracted travelers interested in spiritual cleansing, including recent experiences with San Pedro and Ayahuasca.
The main local fiesta, the Virgen del Carmen (around July 15–18), is an excellent alternative to Paucartambo’s simultaneous but more remote party. It features processions, music, dance groups, and the usual celebrations with firecrackers and food stalls around the plaza.
From the highway and the bridge over the river, the center of activity in Pisac is around the Plaza Constitución. Here, you will find most restaurants, a few hotels, the market, and the town’s concrete church, Iglesia San Pedro Apóstol, named Pisac’s patron saint.
The thriving market occurs in and around the town’s main square, where you can shop for hand-painted ceramic beads and find the occasional bargain. Several excellent artisan stalls are open daily, selling everything from baby alpaca blankets to sweaters. Still, as tourism has increased, the quality and authenticity of many products have decreased.
The best day to visit the market is Sunday, when locals from the surrounding mountain villages descend to sell fresh produce. Plaza Constitución: There is a craft market every day from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Access to the main road: every day from 6:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.; trailhead in town daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. By car, it takes 20 minutes to travel. You can return the same way or go down the well-marked hiking trail to Pisac (45 minutes). Perched high above a valley floor, mosaic-patterned with fields and bordered by centuries-old terraces amid giant landslides, the fortress displays magnificent stonework, including water pipes and steps.
They have been carved out of solid rock—and panoramas. It takes about an hour and a half to climb to the citadel via a steep, well-signposted path; only try if you are fit and have acclimated to the altitude.
You can see the Sacred Valley north from the saddle on the hill: wide and flat at the base but rising skyward in green, rocky pinnacles. To the south, the valley closes, but the mountains continue, massive and steep, casting shadows on each other.
Below the saddle, a semicircle of buildings is gracefully set into a large natural balcony under row upon row of fine stone terraces believed to represent the wing of a partridge (Pisac meaning “partridge”). 3.5km by road northeast of Pisac.
At the top of the ruins, the citadel’s Temple of the Sun is equal to anything in Machu Picchu and more than makes up for the efforts of the steep climb (20–30 minutes from the parking lot). Reached by many of the dozens of paths that crisscross through the citadel, it does suspend in a flat mount on a large spur jutting north-south into the Sacred Valley.
The temple was built around an outcropping of volcanic rock, its peak carved into an Intihuatana, a “mooring post” for the sun. The mooring post itself is intriguing; the angles of its base suggest that it may have been used to track essential stars or calculate the change of seasons with the precision so critical to the smooth running of the Inca Empire. Above the temple are still more ruins, mostly unexcavated, and several ancient burial sites hide among the higher crevasses and rock ledges.
Moray is an archaeological site that showcases the Inca’s innovative agricultural practices. The site features a series of concentric terraces that were used for experimental farming. The unique design creates microclimates that allow the Incas to cultivate a wide variety of crops. Moray’s location offers stunning views of the surrounding landscapes, making it a fascinating site to explore. Visitors can learn about the Incas’ advanced understanding of agriculture and their ability to adapt to challenging environmental conditions.
An impressive Inca site, Moray is both an agricultural and a ceremonial center. It is located about 5 km west of Maras, on the banks of the Chinchero River, within a two—to three—hour walk from Urubamba.
The ruins are deep, bowl-shaped depressions in the earth. The largest comprises seven concentric circular stone terraces, facing inward and tapering in a radius like a multi-layered roulette wheel.
The Maras Salt Mines, or Salineras de Maras, are a network of salt evaporation ponds in use since pre-Incan times. The salt ponds are fed by a natural spring, and the salt is harvested using traditional methods. The site offers a unique perspective of the Sacred Valley’s natural and cultural heritage, with the salt ponds creating a striking contrast against the surrounding mountain scenery. Visitors can witness the salt-harvesting process and gain insight into the ancient techniques passed down through generations.
Hike 5 km northeast of Moray and 4 km north of Maras – The Salinas de Maras are still in use after more than four hundred years, and these days are a popular stop on many tours of the Sacred Valley, so arrive early to avoid the crowds.
If you are on foot, cross the river over the pedestrian bridge in Maras-Salt Mines, turn right, then 100 m downstream along the river bank, turn left, past the cemetery, and up the canyon along the salt stream.
After this, you cross the creek and follow the path cut into the cliff to reach the salt flats, which are soon visible if there is still considerable uphill walking. The trail offers spectacular views of the valley and mountains, while the Inca salt flats sit gracefully against an imposing mountainous backdrop. Bags of pink salt are sold as souvenirs.
A scenic trail (approximately an hour’s walk) leads through the salt flats to the Urubamba River, where a pedestrian bridge crosses the town of Tarabamba. On the way to Urubamba (6 km) or Ollantaytambo, buses run every twenty minutes or so in both directions.
The Ollantaytambo Ruins are a testament to the architectural prowess of the Incan civilization. The site features massive stone terraces, intricate stonework, and breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. As you explore the ruins, you’ll discover the strategic significance of Ollantaytambo as a fortress and administrative center. The town itself is a living museum, with its well-preserved Incan urban planning and traditional homes offering a glimpse into the past.
The quaint town of OLLANTAYTAMBO, with its cobblestone streets and old irrigation canals, is an excellent base for hiking and biking. Going down the valley from Urubamba, the river flows gently between a series of impressive Inca terraces that gradually decrease in size. The railway line reappears just before the town, and the path climbs a small hill to an old square.
As one of the region’s tourist hotspots and a popular overnight stop on the way to Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo can be very crowded in the high season, making it difficult to avoid other travelers.
However, it is a small but traditional settlement worth staying for a few days, especially during its colorful festivals, when local folk dances take place in the main square.
Many women still wear traditional clothing. It is expected to see them gather in the plaza in their intricately woven manta shawls, black-and-red skirts with colorful zigzag patterns, and inverted red-and-black hats.
Beyond Ollantaytambo, the Sacred Valley becomes a mighty subtropical river, surrounded by imposing mountains and dominated by the snow-capped peak of Salcantay; the city is also a popular base for rafting trips.
The Ollantaytambo valley was occupied by several pre-Inca cultures, notably the Chanapata (800–300 BC), the Qotacalla (500–900 AD), and the Killke (900–1420 AD). The Incas dominated only until 1530 when the Spanish arrived.
Legend has it that OLLANTAY was a rebel Inca general who took up arms against Pachacutec for the affections of the Inca Lord’s daughter, the Nusta Cusi Collyu.
Historical evidence shows that a 14-kilometer canal still feeds the town today. It was built to bring water from Laguna de Yanacocha, which was probably Pachacutec’s private property. The latter Inca Huayna Capac is believed to be responsible for the trapezoidal Maynyaraqui plaza and the largely unfinished but impressive megalithic temples.
Ollantaytambo’s vibrant fiestas are a sight to behold, particularly the Fiesta de la Cruz, Corpus Christi, and Ollantaytambo Raymi (usually the Sunday after Cusco’s Inti Raymi). At Christmas, when locals adorn their hats with decorative flowers and grasses, the Fiesta del Señor de Choquequilla celebrates the patron saint of Ollantaytambo for several days, coinciding with Pentecost (the seventh Sunday after Easter).
The usual heady mix of Indigenous and Catholic customs involves nonstop dancing, elaborate costumes, processions, and general parties. On the Fiesta de Reyes, around January 6, there is a solemn procession around the city of the three Niños Reyes (Child Kings)—sacred Inca images—one of which is brought from the holy site of Marcaquocha, about 10 km away in the Patacancha Valley, the day before.
Ollantaytambo was built as an Inca administrative center. It is one of the few surviving examples of an Inca grid system, with a plan seen from high vantage points, especially from the hill in front of the fortress.
An incredibly productive sector of the Urubamba Valley, at 2,800 m above sea level and with comfortable temperatures of 11 to 23 °C (52 to 73 °F), good alluvial soils, and water resources, this area was also the gateway to Antisuyo (the Amazonian corner of the Inca Empire) and a center for collecting tributes from the surrounding valleys.
This was the only Inca stronghold to withstand persistent Spanish attacks, serving as strategic protection for the entrance to the lower Urubamba Valley and as an alternative entrance to the Amazon through the Pantiacolla Pass.
The Plaza de Armas of Ollantaytambo is the center of civic life. The alleys here are lined with stone water channels that are still very useful during the rainy season. They carry the orderly, gushing streams away from the city and into the Urubamba River.
Downhill from the main square, just across the Patacancha River, is the old Inca Plaza Mañya Raquy, dominated by the fortress. Market stalls, a few artisan shops, and nearby cafes fill the plaza, mainly in front of the beautiful little church, the Templo de Santiago Apóstol. Built in 1620, it has an almost Inca-style stone belfry containing two large bells supported by ancient wood. The church’s main entrance surrounds a simple but attractive mestizo floral relief.
As you ascend through the fortress, the cliff face’s solid stone terraces and natural contours remain frighteningly impressive. Above them, vast blocks of red granite mark the unfinished Temple of the Sun near the top, where, according to legend, the mummified internal organs of the Incas were buried.
A dangerous path leads from this upper level around the cliff to a large sector of agricultural terraces that follows the Patacancha River uphill. Above, you can see the great Inca Plaza and the impressive stone aqueducts carrying the water supply.
When viewed from across the Urubamba Valley (a twenty-minute walk down the track from the train station), the Inca terraces of Mollequasa resemble pyramids.
Ollantaytambo is surrounded by impressive landscapes and mountain peaks that rise like skyscrapers, and it offers many exciting day-trip options.
It’s easy to pick a path that leads into the eastern hills and see where it takes you, remembering that you’ll need a tent or must return to town by nightfall. Either route will be a good walk, giving you close contact with the local people in their gardens. There are also several organized tours available from Ollantaytambo and agents in Cusco.
The area around Ollantaytambo is perfect for trekking in the hills. Here, you can take walks from half a day to a week or more; they all have Inca ruins along the way. For a half or full day, try going up the Patacancha River from the town to the little-visited Inca ruins of Pumamarca, to the left of the river where the Yuramayu River joins the Patacancha under the shadows of Nevado Helancoma.
The main road follows the right bank of the Patacancha River through several small peasant villages: Pallata, Colqueracay, Marcacocha, Huilloc, and Patacancha, before crossing the pass, with the Nevado Colque Cruz on the right-hand side. It then follows the Huacahuasi and Tropoche rivers to the valley and the community of Lares, just before which there are some Inca baths.
Beyond the town, several more ruins lie on the way to Ampares, from where you can walk back to Urubamba, return to Cusco, or head towards Quillabamba. It’s at least a two-day trek from Ollantaytambo to Ampares, and you’ll need camping gear and food, as there are no facilities along the way. Another good day hike is Intihuatana, which can also be the start of multi-day hikes near Chilca (Km 77).
The Cachiqata Inca quarries can be reached in three hours on horseback by a tour company from Cusco or Ollantaytambo, like KONDOR PATH TOURS. It is also possible to camp here and visit the site of an Inca portal or Intihuatana, “Wayracpunko.” The closest ruins are Pinkuylluna, less than an hour on horseback, or the Inca ruins of Pumamarca, half a day away.
Most options include a shuttle to the top of the mountain and a quick ride down. The most popular route is the 50km, 1,500m switchback descent from the dramatic pass and continental divide at Abra Málaga (en route to Paucartambo and the hydroelectric station), Ollantaytambo. Still, there are plenty of thrills to be had on a similar path. But off-road. You can even combine a trail with a visit to the traditional town of Patacancha and a weaving workshop.
High up on the other side of the Patacancha River, behind Ollantaytambo, are rows of ruined Pinkuylluna buildings that were initially thought to have been prisons but are now considered likely to have been granaries. Against these, it is pretty easy to make out a gigantic, grumpy-looking profile carved into the rock, possibly an Inca sculpture of Wiraccochan, the mythical messenger of Viracocha, Peru’s greatest creator God.
According to stories of the 16th and 17th centuries, such an image was carved once, depicting him as a man of great authority; the frown of this particular image certainly implies presence. This mountain part was known as Wiraccochan Orcco (“Viracocha’s messenger’s peak”).
From here, looking back towards the main fortress of Ollantaytambo, it is possible to see the mountain, the rocks, and the terraces forming the image of a mother llama with a young llama, apparently representing the Catachillay myth, which is related to the cycle of water and milk. Way. The Sacred Valley of the Incas: Myths and Symbols.
The Chinchero Textile Market is a vibrant hub of activity where visitors can explore the rich tradition of Andean weaving. The market is known for its colorful textiles, handcrafted by local artisans using ancient techniques. Visitors can observe the weaving process, learn about the significance of traditional patterns, and purchase unique souvenirs that reflect the region’s cultural heritage. The market is a celebration of Andean artistry and a testament to the enduring legacy of the Incan civilization.
CHINCHERO (“Pueblo del Arco Iris”), an old colonial settlement with a large market, is located at 3762 m above sea level, 28 km (40 min) northwest of Cusco, off the main road. It overlooks the Sacred Valley, the Vilcabamba mountain range, and the snowy peak. Salcantay Peak dominates the horizon to the west.
The bus ride takes you to the Pampa de Anta, once a large lake but a relatively dry pasture surrounded by the snow-capped Nevado. The town is a small, rustic place where the local women crowd the main square during the market and still wear traditional dress, which is “built mainly of stone and adobe.”
The town blends in perfectly with the magnificent display of Inca architecture, megalithic ruins and rock carvings, and relics of Inca veneration of nature deities. The best time to visit is September 8 for the lively traditional festival. The Sunday morning market in the lower part of town, reached via Calle Manco II, is smaller and less touristy than the one in Pisac. Still, it offers attractive local handicrafts, particularly textiles.
Uphill from the traditional Pisac Market, along the cobblestone streets and steps, is a large plaza that may have been the original Inca market.
It is delimited on one side by an impressive wall reminiscent of Sacsayhuaman’s walls, although not as solid: it is also built on three levels, and ten classic trapezoidal Inca niches can be seen on its surface.
On the western perimeter of the plaza, the raised Inca masonry is dominated by a carved stone throne, near which are puma and monkey formations. There is also a tiny, two-room museum that exhibits historical artifacts and some paintings from Cuzco.
Chinchero’s Adobe colonial church dates back to the 17th century. It was built on an Inca temple or palace, perhaps belonging to the Inca Emperor Tupac Yupanqui. He particularly favored Chinchero as a seaside resort outside the city; under his command, aqueducts and terraces were built, many of which are still in use.
The church has lovely frescoes that evoke the colonial past. Many belong to the Escuela Cuzqueña and the celebrated local artist Mateo Cuihuanito. The most interesting one depicts the forces the local chief Pumacahua led against the rebel Tupac Amaru II in the late 18th century. Although Inca stonework is well preserved, the official archaeological complex is behind the church.
Local festivals and celebrations take place around Lamay and Calca in late September and early October each year, dating back to at least the early Inca period. The central theme of the local ritual for the festival is water, and there are strong links to a mythical experience high in the hills and tied to the moving shadows of Nevado Pitusiray.
The mountain casts shadows yearly on neighboring peaks and cliffs in early October. For several days, the shadow of Pitusiray, considered a natural sundial, moves in a dynamic and prominent representation of a prostrate Inca who is jumped and transformed by a black puma.
The festival is held on the first Sunday of October in the Inca ruins of Urco, which are also dedicated to water and are a 2-kilometer walk above the town of Calca. For information about the festival, ask the tourist information offices in Cusco.
First, take a Kondor Path Tours bus from Pisac to Urubamba, then hike for 2 hours uphill to Lamay. Cross the bridge over the Vilcanota River to the city’s west and follow the 3-kilometer path to the ruins.
The first significant town between Pisac and Urubamba is Lamay, just 12 km from Pisac and the gateway to the little-known, little-visited ruins of Huchuy Qosqo. The Huchuy Qosqo archaeological center is on a natural platform carved into the mountain’s hillside at the heights of the Vilcanota River. Huchuy Qosqo means “Little Cusco” in Quechua. Due to its layout’s similarity to that of the city of Cusco, it was built by order of the ruler Viracocha.
It was then known as JAQUIJAHUANA (“place to see lightning” in Quechua). This name becomes evident once the impressive panoramic views of the valley are contemplated from the settlement’s natural viewpoint. The most remarkable are the Inca terraces, but a series of stone and adobe constructions can also be distinguished, including a Kallanka (great hall), some irrigation canals, and some restored below the leading site, Qollqas (barns for storing meat and crops).
Note the two-tier construction, which helped keep the content fresh.
In Huchuy Qosqo, Gonzalo Pizarro, Francisco’s brother, found the mummified remains of Viracocha, whom he had burned. However, the Incas later collected and secretly hid the ashes to be revered. Pisac is 3.5 km west of Lamay, high on the mountainside.
About halfway between Pisac and Urubamba is the town of Calca, notable only for its proximity to the famous thermal baths of Machacancha (daily 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.; S/20), 7 km northeast of the town, and arriving in a frequent combi or in an hour and a half. Signposted halfway and located under the hanging glaciers of the Nevado Sahuasiray, the Incas favored this place for the fertility of its soil, and much corn cultivation can still be seen here. The baths consist of three indoor pools with an average temperature of 40 degrees Celsius.
Yucay has been in Peruvian history since, under the Incas, Huayna Capac, father of Huascar and Atahualpa, had his palace here. You can admire the ruined but finely clad stone walls of another Inca palace (probably the country house of Sayri Tupac, though also associated with an Inca princess) in Plaza Manco II, one of two green spaces in the city on either side of the church. Several good lodges are here if you prefer a quieter setting than bustling Urubamba. The small town of Yucay, 3.5 km east of Urubamba
About 80 km from Cusco via Pisac or 60 km via Chinchero, URUBAMBA is a short drive down the main road from Yucay’s Plaza Manco II. Here, the Vilcanota River becomes the Urubamba River (although many people still refer to this section as the Vilcanota). Although it has little apparent historical interest, the city has good facilities.
It is often used as a base for day trips to Machu Picchu in preference to the much more touristy Ollantaytambo just up the valley. It is attractively situated in the shadow of the beautiful, albeit dwindling, Chicon and Pumahuanca glaciers. On weekends, there is a large market in Jirón Palacio. On Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays, the new Farmers Market is packed with cattle of all shapes and sizes being traded, an event that often spills onto the main road.
Palm and pine trees, along with lovely ornamental gardens, surround the quiet and attractive Plaza de Armas. At the heart of the plaza is a small fountain topped by a sculpture of a corn plant, but it all goes back to the red sandstone Iglesia San Pedro, with its columns stacked beneath two small bell towers. The frescoed interior of the church features a sizeable three-tiered gold-leaf altar, and at noon, light streams in through the glass-topped dome.
Due to its convenient location and ample facilities, Urubamba is an ideal base to explore the mountains and lower hills surrounding the Sacred Valley, an area of great splendor.
The valley’s eastern side forms the Cordillera Urubamba, a snow-capped peak dominated by the summits of Chicon and Verónica. Many of the ravines can be walked alone or with local guides (found only through the leading hotels and lodges), and on the walk from town, you can enjoy great views of Chicon.
When planning your visit to the Sacred Valley, it’s essential to consider the region’s climate and altitude. The valley experiences a mild climate, with the rainy season occurring from November to March. The dry season, from April to October, is the best time to visit, as the weather is more favorable for outdoor activities.
The dry season, from April to October, is considered the best time to visit the Sacred Valley. During this period, the weather is generally sunny and dry, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, exploring archaeological sites, and enjoying the scenic landscapes. However, it’s important to note that this is also the peak tourist season, so popular sites may be crowded. Visitors seeking a more tranquil experience may consider visiting during the shoulder months of April and October.
Given the high altitude of the Sacred Valley, it’s essential to acclimatize before embarking on strenuous activities. Altitude sickness can affect travelers who are not accustomed to the elevation, so it’s advisable to take it easy during the first few days of your visit. Staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol, and consuming light meals can help with acclimatization. Travelers should also consider spending a few days in Cusco, at a higher altitude, to gradually acclimate before exploring the valley.
The Sacred Valley is well-connected by road, making it accessible from major cities such as Cusco. Visitors can choose from various transportation options, including private tours, taxis, and public buses. Renting a car is also an option for those who prefer to explore the region at their own pace. It’s vital to plan transportation, especially during peak tourist seasons, to ensure a smooth and hassle-free travel experience.
The Sacred Valley offers a range of accommodation options to suit different preferences and budgets. From luxury hotels and eco-lodges to cozy guesthouses and hostels, there’s something for every traveler. Staying in the valley allows visitors to experience the region’s tranquility and immerse themselves in its natural beauty. It’s advisable to book accommodation in advance, especially during peak season, to secure the best options and ensure a comfortable stay.
In conclusion, the Sacred Valley is a destination that offers a perfect blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. From its majestic mountain scenery and serene river landscapes to its rich Incan history, the valley is a place of endless wonder and exploration. Whether you’re an adventure seeker or a culture enthusiast, the Sacred Valley promises an unforgettable experience that will leave you yearning for more. With its breathtaking landscapes, vibrant culture, and fascinating history, the Sacred Valley is a true gem waiting to be discovered.
